Art of laying out drawings



M. HOVHANNESSIAN ART OF LAYING OUT DRAWINGS Filed May 27, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet l M. HOVHANNE SSIAN ART OF LAYING OUT DRAWINGS Filed May 27, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 kwc? mm Dec; 163-1924. 1,519,965

M. HOVHANNESSIAN ART OF LAYING OUT DRAWINGS Filed May 2'7, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ffegar'm 5 I 70125 $26502" y I W Patented Dec. 16, race.

MEGERDICH HOVHANNESSIAN, OF SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA.

ART OF LAYING OUT DRAWINGS.

Application filed May 27, 1921.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Mnenuurorr HovHnN- NESSIAN, a citizen or the United States, residing in South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, have invented the Art or Laying Out Drawings, of which the following is a specification.

One object of my invention is to provide a novel method of laying out or making up drawings or representations illustrating a relatively complicated structure or assembly of apparatus, such as the piping, fittings and machines of a ships boiler or engine room, with a view to reducing the time and labor required.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel assembly or means for the representation of a system of apparatus or structures such as above indicated, which may be utilized for the preparation of tracings or photographs desired for use in manufacturing or assembling such systems, etc.,the various parts required for the utilization of my invention being simple, inexpensive and convenient to make and use.

These objects and other advantageous ends I attain as hereinafter set forth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which,

Fig. 1 is a view of a typical layout sheet which may be employed in carrying out my invention;

Fig. 2 is a view of a drawing or representation built up or laid out in accordance with my invention, from the drawing shown in Fig. 1 as a basis; and

Figs. 3 to 24 inclusive are plans of typical specimens of the transparent pieces upon which are drawn or printed the representation of fittings, machines or structures utilized to a greater or less extent in making up the finished layout shown in Fig. 2.

In accordance with my invention I pro vide a supporting sheet preferably of drawing paper or transparent sheet of celluloid, which. while it may be blank, usually has printed, drawn or otherwise applied to it a drawing of the frame or other main. structure defining the space or limits within which certain apparatus is to be installed. For example, in Fig. 1 I have illustrated a foundation or base sheet on which are drawn certain lines representing a portion of the transverse section of a ship, taken through part of the engine room, and of these lines 1 represents the outer plates or the ships Serial No. 473,077.

side, 2 the plates constituting the inner or main side walls of the ship, 3 certain of the longitudinal frame members and 4 one or the ribs. Further, 5 represents one of the columns of an engine and 6 a portion of the base structure supporting said column which with the other parts noted, defines a certain space within which the condenser, circulating pumps and certain piping, fittings and auxiliary apparatus are to be installed.

In order to lay out this apparatus within the available space above defined, in accordance with my invention 1 utilize a previously prepared set of drawings or pictures of the standard or available apparatus, piping, fittings, etc., made to a predetermined scale upon transparent sheet material such as celluloid or the like, and preferably cut out so that they have the outlines defined by their marginal or boundary lines.

In the relatively simple case illustrated, I first take from this stock of previously prepared pictures, certain such as those indicated in Figs. 3, and 5, illustrating a main condenser and a circulating pump respectively, and arbitrarily place these in various experimental positions upon the sheet indicated in Fig. 1 until I finally ascertain those positions best suited to the requirements of the case in hand. These main pictures are then permanently or removably attached to the base sheet by paste, tacks, pins, etc.

I then select from my stock of pictures certain others which represent standard pipes, flanges, valves and the like required to connect up the above pieces of apparatus illustrated by the main pictures 3 and 5, and place them on the supporting or base sheet in the positions necessary to properly connect said apparatus in accordance with good engineering practice. As the pictures representing the standard pipes, fittings, etc. are placed, they also are temporarily or permanently fastened either to the supporting sheet or to the pictures over which they lie or extend.

Owing to the fact that all of the pictures are transparent, the course taken by any particular pipe line may be quickly and easily followed by the designer and its position with relation to any other line or piece of apparatus may be determined with the utmost ease, so that if, for example, it should be found that a proposed line of pipe running between the pump 7 and the intake pipe 8 of the main condenser, would ill 2. The underlying pictures are the usual manner. photographed or printed in order to vide a print from which the actuatapparatus may belaid out orassemhled. or it'deinterfere with the latter it run in a certain Way, its position may be shifted or it a specially built or formed pipe is required, it may be conveniently sketched or drawn in on the supporting sheet. Similarly any other special pipes, fittings, etc, not .represented among the set of pictures on hand.

are drawn to scale upon the base sheet or;

on a piece of transparent material and tastened in the proper positions so that 'l'inally there is obtained a complete representation in elevation or plan of the assembled ,p paratus.

lVhere in the view being prepared a pipe or pipe fitting, maehine,etc. would be ove"- laid by some other structure owing to the ,tfact that the former was in a position further from the observer than the latter. the lines constituting the underlying picture wouldsbe scratched, rubbed or colored or so drawn as to have a dotted or doanddash formation, thus indicating in a conventional manner the relative positions of the parts which they represent. obviously any combination of apparatus, pipes, structures, etc,

without departing from my invention, may

piece, each picture or'section being quickly and easily adjusted or its position shifted asmaybe required, until finally the finished layout has-the appearance indicated in Fig. dotted. whereas as a 'matter of fact the apparatuswhich they represent lies behind other pieces of apparatus, and wherever the previously prepared supply of pictures islaeking owing to the necessity tor specially built piping for example, the latter is drawn or .sketclied in on the supporting or base sheet or on a sheet of transparent i'uaterial, so that the completed layout has the sameappeaiancc as would a finished drawingyug'epared in Such a layout. is then sired a tracing may be made otthis layout in a manner similar to that followed in I-tracing ordinary original drawings.

after prints are made from-the tracingand utilized. in the customary manner.

In any case by building up orpreparing a layout as above described, it is possible to save a large percentage of the time and labor which would be required in designing a drawing of thesame structurespr apparatus by the method at present; ollovved, and

Therm thus formed pict by vmy invention the workmay be done with less likelihood of error owing to the use ot transparent pictures which constitute the component parts of such layout. While my invention is particularly adaptedto the designing of the piping system and apparatus commonly required in the engine and boiler rooms of vessels or other power plants, it may be utilized with equal advantage for preparing or laying out ventilating, heating, conveying systems or the like. It is to be noted that certain of the previouslyprepared pictures maybe [drawn or represented with dotted instead of full lines or by coloring so that without requiring change they may be utilized to represent parts lying back of or under other parts since in the finished-layout they will be visible through the pieces which overlie them. i

'It is ,not necessary incarrying out-any invention that the basesheet shouldg have upon it any previously prepared drawing. or pictorial representation sinceif desiredthe various pictures of apparatus piping, fittings, etc., may be assembled upon a. blank sheet in the desired relative positions, fastened thereto after the necessary dotted line effects have been securedwhere required, and the finished layout traced,, printed or photographed after any parts which, itxmay not have been possible to represent by the transparent pictures have been drawn in on the base sheets It may be. noted that one valuable application of my invention would consist in the building up of a more or less complete apparatus in accordance with. the foregoing description upon a transparent base sheet of transparent drawings and-the,.use of one or more of these representations of different, machines in laying outthe pumping apparatus, power: plant, auxiliaryv machinery,.etc.-,.W1th a vlew to properly ,pOS]

tioning the various devices in a given space such was the engine or boiler room of avessel.

Obviously my invention would be particularly. adapted for this use sincebymeans of the vbuilt up representations of machines, etc. an engineer could determinethe bestpos sible positions for the apparatus and thereby save, considerable time in laying out the plant.

- I-claim: i 1; The method of preparing representa tions orstructuraldrawings of solidobjects which consists inassembling pictures of the main structural elements upon a ,base sheet in definite relative positions, assembling pictures of piping andyfittings between the pictorial representations ofithe mainstructural elements to. show the. operative connections between the main structural. ele ments, and I super'mposing ,upon the picture tires of apparatus and connections which occupy a plane between the observer and the previously formed picture, the superimposed pictures being formed on transparent material so that the underlying pictures may be visible therethrough.

2. The method of preparing representations of structural drawings of solid objects which consists in assembling pictures of the main structural elements upon a base sheet in definite relative positions; assembling pictures of piping and fittings between the pictorial representations of the main structural elements to show the operative connections between the main structural elements; superimposing upon the picture thus formed pictures of apparatus and connections which occupy a plane between the observer and the previously formed picture, the superimposed pictures being formed on transparent material so that the underlying picture may be seen therethrough; and then scratching the lines of those portions of the underlying pictures which appear beneath the solid parts of the superimposed pictures to form dotted lines so that the composite picture thus formed will show the respective planes which the said structural elements and connections occupy.

In witness whereof I affix my signature.

MEGERDIOH I-IOVHANNESSIAN. 

